MVC stands for Model View Controller design pattern and is one of the widely used pattern especially in Web applications
The pattern segregates the presentation or UI layer as View layer, business logic or application processing into Controller layer and Model is the related data to be used for processing
Since it segregates each of the above three parts it becomes easy to replace one of the above component without affecting the other part and allows the application to replace the existing
component with advanced technology /tool/framework
You can watch my videos on MVC, Struts 2, Spring and other J2EE design patterns and frameworks
In this article we will see following topics
- Implementing MVC using JSP/Servlet
- Implementing MVC using Struts 2 framework
- (Implementing MVC using Struts 2 framework will be part of next series
We will each of the above implementation in a “Hello name” example which takes name from the user and the displays a Hello name message
Integrated Development environment used is Eclipse Europa and Container used is Apache tomcat 6
Implementing MVC using JSP/Servlet
In case of MVC using JSP/Servlet following are the roles taken by each of the component involved
Step 1: Click New=>Other=>Web=>Dynamic web project
Step 2: Enter Project name as MVC and Click on Finish button
Step 3: Click on src and click on New=>package
Step 4: Enter name of package as com.questpond.controller
Similarly create one more package named com.questpond.model
Step 5: Right click Web Content folder New=>JSP
Enter the name of the jsp as index.jsp
Click on Finish button
Step 6: Enter the following code in index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Index jsp</title> </head> <body> <form action="Action.do" method="get"> Enter name <input type="text" name="name"><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit"/> </form> </body> </html>
Step 7: Right click on com.questpond.model click on New=>Class. Name the class as ModelBean
Step 8: Within the ModelBean create a variable welcomeMsg and write setters and getters for same
String welcomeMsg;
public String getWelcomeMsg() {
return welcomeMsg;
}
public void setWelcomeMsg(String welcomeMsg) {
this.welcomeMsg = "Welcome "+welcomeMsg;
}
Step 9: Right click on com.questpond.controller and create New=>Servlet
Write the name of servlet as ActionServlet
Step 10: Write the following code within doGet method of ActionServlet
String name =request.getParameter("name");
ModelBean model = new ModelBean();
model.setWelcomeMsg(name);
request.setAttribute("welcomeMsg", model.getWelcomeMsg());
RequestDispatcher dispatch = request.getRequestDispatcher("welcome.jsp");
dispatch.forward(request, response);
Step 11: Create a JSP named welcome.jsp following Step 5 and put the following code inside jsp
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
<%=request.getAttribute ("welcomeMsg").toString() %>
</body>
Step 12: Right click on the project and click on export option (Export=>WAR file)
Step 13: Point the destination to the webapps folder of tomcat and check all the options present
Click on finish button
Step 14: Start tomcat (Tomcat=>start.bat) and put the following URL in web browser
http://localhost:8080/MVC/
Following page will appear
Step 15: Enter any name for e.g. John and click on submit button
A page with welcome message will appear as follows
MVC using Struts 2:
Struts 2 makes use of Intercepting Filter pattern which makes use of Filters which can be used for pre processing before executing controller as well as post processing after controller
execution.
For doing pre processing as well as post processing Struts 2 uses Interceptors. Thus request in this case comes to interceptors which then invokes action and based on result of action execution
corresponding view will be displayed to user. This configuration of view with result returned by action is done in an xml known as struts.xml
Model in this case can be Java bean class which can be used with Action
In case of MVC using Struts 2 following are the roles taken by each of the component involved
Advantage of struts 2 MVC is that view for particular action is configured in xml (struts.xml or other xmls included within struts.xml) and hence there is no direct dependency between controller and view
Step 1: Click New=>Other=>Web=>Dynamic web project
Step 2: Enter Project name as WelcomeStruts2MVC and Click on Finish button
Step 3: Copy following jars from the struts 2 libraries from distribution to WEB-INF/lib folder
• commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
• freemarker-2.3.8.jar
• ognl-2.6.11.jar
• struts2-core-2.0.14.jar
• xwork-2.0.7.jar
Step 4: Make following filter entry in web.xml
<filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> Note: In higher version of struts 2 we can use org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter for filter-class
Step 5: Create an XML within src folder and name it struts.xml
Step 6: Put the following lines inside struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <package name="default" extends="struts-default"> <action name="welcomeAction" class="com.questpond.action.WelcomeAction"> <result name="success">welcome.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
Step 7: Create a new package by using New=>package and give name as com.questpond.action
Step 8: Click on the package and create a new class by using
New => Class and name the class as WelcomeAction
Step 9: Write the following code within the above class
String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String execute(){
return Action.SUCCESS; }
Step 10: Create a new jsp by using New=>JSP and name it index.jsp and put the following code within the jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <s:form action="/welcomeAction.action"> <s:textfield name="name" label="Enter name"></s:textfield> <s:submit></s:submit> </s:form>
Step 11: Create one more jsp with name as welcome.jsp and put the following code
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> Welcome <s:property value="name"/>
Step 12: Export the project as war by using right clicking the project and clicking on Export option
Fill the details like destination (where the war has to be kept) in the window. Check all other options and Click on Finish button
Step 13: Start apache tomcat and put the following URL in web browser
http://localhost:8080/WelcomeStruts2MVC/
The following page will appear and fill the name with any string value
Step 14: After filling details click on submit button on which following page will be displayed
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